Psy 375 Senior Interview Essay

1. What is the environment of your home like? Busy, before they got guardianship of their grandson, life was quiet and there was not very much that had to be done around the home. Once their grandson came to live with them at age 3, life became â€Å"a buzz† again. â€Å"Before our grandson came to us, we usually would get up in the morning, sit and relax as we drank our coffee and had a quiet breakfast together. Now, we (her and her spouse) are up early to get our grandson ready to go to school. † She also says â€Å"We had time for the things that we wanted to do in our later years of life, visiting family, traveling and such. Now our time is dedicated to raising our grandson who keeps us going and on our toes but we would not change the situations we are in now for the world. † 2. Has aging changed the home environment? Yes, when they were younger, they had the energy and health to do the things they wanted to. Sally says â€Å"With age came some small struggles to stay at the pace we had always had when we were younger. Things that were always easy slowly became more time consuming, housekeeping used to be something that I could complete pretty quickly; now, I am a little slower (with the help of my grandson). Otherwise, she says â€Å"life keeps us all busy. † 3. Do you rely on others for help with any activities in the home? Sally answers â€Å"No, we are still able and willing to do our chores and keep up with the necessary tasks that we have. Although, we do have â€Å"John† (grandson) visit family a few times a month so that we have time to recharge. † 4. Do you still drive? If so, how has aging changed how you drive? Sally answered, â€Å"Yes, we both (her and her husband Mike) still drive. Driving is something that you would think would stay the same as you grow old until you get old. When I am driving now, I feel like everyone is in a rush to get where they want to go and here I am taking my time, trying to be safe while all around me are probably cursing me and saying â€Å"Damn old lady is driving so slow. † (She laughed as she made the last remark. ) 5. What changes in your home do you face as you get older? Sally answers, â€Å"As my husband and I get older, we are starting to be slower at things that once took us very little time. I think as we continue to get older, we will continue to get slower. † She also says, â€Å"With having our grandson home with us, he is helping us when he sees us even struggle a little with even small things. I think as we get older, he will be the one to help us more than anyone else. Recreational Activities: 1. In the past, what did you do for recreation? What do you do now for enjoyment? Sally answers, â€Å"When we were younger and our children were at home with us, we would spend a lot of time outdoors. We loved to go camping, fishing and hunting as a family. As our children got older, they all had things that they were involved in that took that time away that we had for the fun things. † She then explained that as her and her husband grew older, that they became more focused on the things that they wanted to do like traveling and visiting family. Sally then explained â€Å"Now that we have our grandson, I go to the movies, library, and toy shopping an awful lot. † But then she explained that she takes pleasure in spending time with her grandson doing the things that he likes to do because she â€Å"loves to see the smile on his face. † Sally also explained that they are active members of a church that they go to twice a week (Wednesdays and Sundays) and they get great pleasure out of the service. 2. How often do you participate in these activities? Sally says â€Å"When â€Å"John† is a good boy at school and does what he is told here we usually take him out about once a week to do something special. † She then explains, â€Å"Church is a large part of our lives. We go to church not only to worship but also to have time with people that are around our age with and are like-minded. † 3. Have the things that do for recreation changed as you aged? As stated above, in their younger years, their recreation revolved around their family. As they got older, she says â€Å"The things we did slowed. We were not out all the time we possibly could have been. † Sally says, â€Å"We now spend time where we feel most comfortable, church and doing things with our grandson are what we do most now. † Social Support and Interactions: 1. Who do you interact with on a regular basis? Is this the same amount of contact you had in younger years of life? Sally says, â€Å"On a daily basis, my husband and grandson. I usually call my sister every couple days and see how she is doing and on a weekly basis the brothers and sisters I have at church. † She also says, â€Å"In the past, we had friends and neighbors that we were in contact with on a daily basis but as time went on, the friends we have kept are passing away or just losing contact with them all together. It is hard getting older and watching the friends you have start to pass away, it make me think that I will not always be here and then it makes me worry about who will keep our grandson when we are gone. † 2. Do you participate in any social clubs? Sally says, â€Å"The only real structured social club, if you can call it that, would be church activities. On Wednesdays, we go to church for bible study and social time where we talk with our friends there and on Sunday, we go to service that provides us with God’s word and time with our church brothers and sisters. † Meaningful Activities: 1. What gives your life meaning? Sally says, â€Å"My family is what gives my life meaning. I try to do as much as possible to stay in the loop of what is going on with my children and grandchildren. My children have always been the reason that we have worked so hard. We always wanted them to have the better things in life and we wanted them to be happy. † She also says â€Å"Now, my life revolves around taking care of â€Å"John† and making sure he feels that everything is okay and that he has a stable home to grow up in. † 2. Do you still engage in these activities as you did when you were younger? Sally says, â€Å"When we were younger, we had a lot more activities when our children were young. As they grew up, moved out on their own and had families of their own, our lives quieted down and the activities we were always doing changed into activities that â€Å"Mike† and I wanted to do until we got â€Å"John† and once we got â€Å"John† life became busy again with all of his activities. † Mental Stimulation: 1. In the past, what did you do to keep your mind sharp? Sally says, â€Å"In the past, I had my work to keep my mind sharp. I was a secretary at the middle school in the town we live for almost 20 years and was always busy with the tasks that were I had to do. My children also kept my mind going and I loved helping them with their homework because this helped me keep my mind working and remembering how to do problems like math and science. † 2. What do you do now to keep your mind sharp? Sally says, â€Å"Now to keep my mind sharp I do a lot of word and number puzzles. I love to do Sudoku puzzles and word find puzzles. Sudoku puzzles really keep my mind working because sometimes I feel like my hair is on fire when I am done with them (she chuckles.) I also spend time with â€Å"John† to helping him with his homework and I think this helps to keep me learning still because I have noticed that the way children are taught now has really changed from when I had my children in school. † Physical Activities: 1. In the past, what did you do to keep physically fit? Sally says, â€Å"In the past, when my children lived at home, we were always on the go. We would go places where we would walk and hike through the woods like when we would go hunting or fishing. We lives close to the corner store so we would also just walk to the store when we needed a few things instead of get in the car and drive. † She also says â€Å"I never was a really big health nut who was always worried about exercise because my weight was never an issue. I felt that is my weight was good then I was getting plenty of exercise. † 2. What do you do to keep physically fit now? Sally says, â€Å"Nowadays we love to take â€Å"John† for walks at the local trails. It’s nice to be out in the fresh air and be able to not only spend time with â€Å"Mike† and â€Å"John† but to get a little exercise because I have noticed that the older I get the less muscle I seem to have. † â€Å"It seems like the little things are more of a challenge than they were in previous years. Even just opening a jar is sometimes a challenge. † 3. Are you able to keep up with the daily physical stresses that you are tasked with on a daily basis? Sally says, â€Å"Yes, it seems like I am still doing a pretty good job keeping up with everything I have to do on a daily basis (as she looks around her living room. ) She also says â€Å"Keeping a house clean is a chore in its own when you have a grandson to pick up after everywhere he goes. † She also says, â€Å"I get around to the things I need to do now when I get to them. I used to try to make sure the house was perfect when my children and â€Å"Mike† would come home each day and thought that having a clean house for them, food cooking and clothes laid out for them daily was what I was supposed to do. Now that I think about it, I would have much rather of been having fun with them instead of being worried about the house. † Ending the interview, her last statement is, â€Å"Life now is a little bit harder than it was when I was younger. It seems like the older I get, the slower I am. † She then tells me, â€Å"Make sure that you spend your time doing what makes you happy. †

Miniver Cheevy Essay

In the poem â€Å"Miniver Cheevy† the author emphasizes the problems of the main character. The poem shows Miniver’s desire to have been born in medieval times. His longing is changed to joy when he thinks about this period in history â€Å"The vision of a warrior bold / Would set him dancing. † (Lines 7-8) As the reader becomes acquainted with Miniver, he sees him as a romantic daydreamer with the fantasy of being a knight. He hates the fact he was born in this day and age. He even hates the day he was born, â€Å"He wept that he was ever born, / And he had reasons. (3-4) The author feels that Miniver is torn between reality and fantasy. He knows that Miniver is not satisfied with his life. He describes Miniver as yearning for the past, â€Å"Miniver sighed for what was not, / And dreamed, and rested from his labors; /He dreamed of Thebes and Camelot, /And Priam’s neighbors. † (9-12) The author knows that Miniver wishes to live in medieval times or some other glorious period in history. On the surface, both the characters Richard Cory and Miniver Cheevy seem to be simple and easily understood. However, both are complex individuals with demons that drive them. They are similar in their dissatisfaction with their lives. They are different in the methods that they use to face their dissatisfaction, but both characters have a void in their lives that is the root of their discontent. This void compels them to partake in actions that are detrimental to their lives. Richard attempts to solve his problem when he commits suicide. Evidently his wealth is not fulfilling enough to overcome his inner turmoil. His mannerisms in public portray him as man content with himself and his wealth. In fact, the townspeople long to be like him. In fine – we thought that he was everything/To make us wish that we were in his place† (lines 11-12) His demons overwhelm him, and he is sick of hiding behind the guise of a prosperous man who seems to be content. In the end Richard takes his life and ends his delusion with society. Unlike Richard Cory, Miniver Cheevy, chooses a different route to end his discontent. His soul aches to live in a different time and place. He tries to resolve this pain by detaching himself from reality. He daydreams of a more romantic era and the gallant people who live there. Miniver loved the days of old/ When swords were bright and steeds were prancing†. (5-6) He seems to do most of his daydreaming while drinking. His drinking does not lead to a solution. Instead, his life is a continuous cycle of discomfort and pain that longs for a different life. He attempts to drown this pain with drinking, â€Å"Miniver Cheevy, born too late, /Scratched his head and kept on thinking; /Miniver coughed, and called it fate, /And kept on drinking. † (29-32) Miniver’s problems only get worse. He fuels the fire with his consumption of alcohol, and the cycle begins again.

How does Stevenson present good and evil in “Jekyll and Hyde”? Essay

The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a tale of contrast between good and evil. Robert Louis Stevensons novel demonstrates the adverse effects of scientific experiments and how the perception of doors can lead to evil. Furthermore â€Å"Jekyll and Hyde† is full of dual personality which in itself creates god and evil. Also it suggests that good cannot exist without evil. Firstly many of the rich and respected went out at night to experience how the other half lived. Here among the dim lit alleyways of the East End and under the protection of darkness did the upper class come out to play. They were frequently involved in illicit activities such as gambling, prostitution, brawling, heavy drinking and opium taking. They wanted to break away from the restraining shackles of society and enjoy the thrill of a concealed life at night away from the tight morals that governed the upper class. It was therefore no surprise that Enfield also led a secretive concealed life at night. ‘Coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three o’clock of a black winter morning’. ‘Some place at the end’ suggests that Enfield is letting on too Mr Utterson that he was taking part in the extreme pleasures the city had to offer. However he was not going to openly admit as the effect on his reputation would be damming and the respect of Utterson would be lost as this secret life was a secret that could not be disgusted even to fellow aristocrats. ‘Extreme’ being that it is commented on as being the end of the world. Furthermore ‘black winter morning’ is using pathetic facility to show us that Mr Hyde is about as the author portrays the weather to be Mr Hydes appearance. Even though these illicit wanderings may be considered to some as being evil, the person who is partaking in the activities should be may be considered as good as he is not lying but also saving disgrace and disrespect from all other lawyers. The secret, shaded society knew full well that if they were discovered their well respected position and occupation would collapse from underneath them. This was even more so for lawyer as they earned a living from devils advocate therefore due to the strong religious beliefs in the 1870s people already hated lawyers as they do today due tot heir association with the devil. This shows that good cannot live without evil, as if their was no evil how could there be good. Secondly Stevenson presents good and evil through the perception of doors. Mr Hyde’s door is described as being ‘blistered and disdained’. The author presents the door as a personified form of Mr Hyde, ‘Blistered’ can mean burnt; burnt is disfigured; disfigured is mutated. Mr Hyde has been created through the mutation of Dr Jekyll’s ego. The author does this because the door is the entrance to Mr Hydes beginning and other egos’ life. Also the word ‘disdained’ means rejected and as Mr Hyde appears to be lonely due to him never mentioned as being civilized or having friends he could be described as being rejected. Therefore the door is shown as a personified form of Mr Hyde’s mind and body due to the door being rejected and mutated. Finally due to the door being the beginning of the creatures life if this door did not exist good could have been destroyed and at the same time evil destroy itself aswell. Another example of good not being able out live without evil is the street in which the door of Hyde’s house resides, ‘the street shone out in contrast’ supports Stevensons theory of good being unable to exist without evil. As the street ‘shone’ which is usually associated with happiness, and happiness is one of the many emotions of good. Therefore this street was good yet to support the authors theory he had to include evil some how and so decided to put the entrance to pure evils residence. Thirdly Stevenson portrays Mr Hyde as a sinister, violent, evil man. ‘Trampled calmly over the child’s body’ suggests to us the reader that this man is evil as why does he just trample over a child’s’ body. The adverb ‘calmly’ implies that his moves were not premeditated but fluid as if his actions came naturally to him, almost as if he walks over children regularly. Whereas the word ‘trampled’ implies that Mr Hyde is not all there, as if he is intoxicated with drug usage or excessive alcohol consumption. Also trampling may suggest that a state of panic has arisen in Mr Hyde’s mind to get home without being recognized or arrested due to his mutation of Jekyll. Furthermore Mr Hyde is described as being indescribable ‘he gave an impression of deformity without any namable malformation’ suggests that Mr Hyde possesses an aura of evil but shows know deformation from normal human form. This implies that no one knows how to describe Mr Hyde yet he is not deformed therefore suggesting his pure evil. No one has ever seen pure evil they have only felt or seen examples of what it can do also evil has never taken human form before. Whereas Dr. Jekyll is described as, ‘a well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty†¦ with every mark of capacity and kindness’. The word ‘kindness’ suggests that he was a generous, good man. Furthermore from these two examples you can see that Stevenson implies that Hyde represents evil and Jekyll represents good through the novel. In addition the Victorians believed in physiognomy which was where they thought that the way you looked linked with your personality. This relates to what I have already mentioned about the appearances of Jekyll and Hyde- Hyde being evil as he was ugly and Jekyll being good as he was an attractive man. In the Victorian times everyone would have believed this as they were all very superstitious due to there being no scientific proof to argue against some of the misguided teachings of the church. Fourthly Stevenson presents good and evil through referring to the teachings of the bible due to the fight of good and evil, and duty and temptation in the human soul: a story as old as genesis. Jekyll says that ‘the terms of this debate are as old and common place as man’. ‘This debate’ refers to the eternal struggle of all forms of good and evil. ‘Common place’ suggests that us the reader has grown accustom to evil always accompanying good. Furthermore ‘as old†¦as man’ is referring to the struggle of good and evil which Adam and Eve encountered with the temptation to eat the fruit off the forbidden tree. Due to this Stevenson created a philosophical theory that without human interference there would be no emotion as only good would exist and as Stevenson has demonstrated throughout the novel good cant exist without evil. This is therefore suggesting that mankind is the evil in the world which is why Stevenson portrays Hyde as being ‘Ape like’ suggesting that if mankind had not evolved from apes the evolution of evil would not have happened, Fifthly Stevenson portrays good and evil through evolution. Jekyll is shown as conceiving Hyde as his ‘lower element† Hyde is actually perceived as being lower on the evolution scale by the author. Utterson found Hyde both ‘dwarfish’ and ‘troglodytic’. ‘Dwarfish’ and ‘troglodytic’ are both associated with cave dwellers and through the course of evolution we have lived in caves however that was some ten thousand years ago thus suggesting of his un-evolved nature. Whilst other remarks describe Hyde as being ‘ape-like’ it is with no doubt then that Hyde is suppose to not have evolved fully therefore suggesting that Hyde is immortal. Therefore if Hyde is shown as being immortal then the author is implying that evil is indestructible whilst good exists. Finally Stevenson presents good and evil through the use of pathetic facility in the weather. When Hyde is around Stevenson uses â€Å"at night under the face of the fogged city moon† to increase the tension of Hydes appearance. The word ‘fogged’ suggests that it’s misty and eerie. Eerie usually been associated with spookiness/horror so therefore the presence of horror is created by the appearance of Hyde. This type of weather is a pun on Hyde’s name due to you being able to ‘hide in fog’. Alternatively the weather seems to be nice and pleasant when Jekyll’s around. â€Å"It was a fine, dry night†¦ the lamps unshaken by the wind†. The word ‘unshaken’ may suggest how calm the weather is, comparing to Jekyll as he is also a ‘calm’, ‘gentle’ person. However towards the end of the novel anti-pathetic facility occurs as the weather is good yet Hyde appears. ‘I sat in the sun†¦ I was once more Edward Hyde ‘. Moreover you would think this would occur all through the novel, however near the end anti-pathetic fallacy is used as when Jekyll is around the weather is also bad. This may reflect on the personalities as Jekyll is starting to be overcome by the evil of Hyde and so in turn is becoming evil. This makes the reader confused and not sure what to think with this unexpected change however that is how Stevenson has presented some of the different forms of good and evil throughout the novel. In conclusion Robert Louis Stevenson presents good and evil as being partners, partners that should never be separated over wise the effects could be disastrous. Therefore Stevenson has shown us the reader that evil must co-exist if not to cause self-destruction. Furthermore he presented Jekyll as being addicted to Hydes evil and the more he tried to fight his addiction to further he sank into its horrific power. Also Stevenson shows us that for the world to survive good has to be forever locked in conflict. However Stevenson also presents good and evil through the perception of doors and how the shackles of society which many people crave are so easy to come by as to loose. We have grown up to believe that good always triumphs over evil yet if that is so eventually one day nature will conquer over man kind, as Stevenson proves that mankind is the route of all evil and therefore it is us that has to co-exist with nature.

Marketing Strategy of The Eastman Kodak Company Coursework

Marketing Strategy of The Eastman Kodak Company - Coursework Example In the early and mid-nineties, Kodak grew as a company and started developing new and improved models of their cameras. They developed the ‘Kodacolor range’ which included motion picture films, camera and projectors. These were sold at affordable prices. They also provided cameras to the U.S. Government for aerial photography during the First World War They didn’t stop there. They then introduced the ‘Instamatic camera’ which revolutionized the way people used cameras. It became a household item for amateur photographers because of its versatility and affordability. Today, however, the iconic brand is on its knees. This is because of the digital age. Kodak was slow in adapting to new-age digital technology, unlike the predecessors who were drivers of technology in the industry with their wide array of innovative patents. Where did Kodak go wrong? Well, there’s a couple of contributing factors. First off, Kodak used a high-velocity revenue model which entailed making profits off complimentary products to their cameras, i.e. the reel used by the camera. Their strategy was typically to sell cameras at a low cost, and let the film reel fuel its growth and profits. This meant the business was heavily dependant on this particular rigid model. Kodak was to pay the price for this rigidity soon enough. This came in the form of competition from overseas. The Japanese firm Fuji Film came into America and caught Kodak napping. They introduced reel that was one-fifth cheaper than Kodak’s offering. The result was devastating for Kodak, and even then their lack of market agility was evident by their slow reaction to the market. Further proof of the business’ inability to adapt to changing technology in the industry came in the early eighties when Sony Corporation ushered in the digital age with the release of the ‘Mavica’, a filmless digital camera that displayed photos directly on the user’s television sets. Pictures could also be printed if desired.

Pharmacology Oxybutinin Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pharmacology Oxybutinin - Case Study Example Patient reported no history of admission in hospital or any surgical operation being performed on him. He reported no instance of injury where there was involvement of the pelvic region. The patient only reported to have gone for checkups when in childhood he had a dizziness feeling and double vision. The patient is the fifth in the family and college student. There is no one in his family with the same condition. The patient reported no use of tobacco or alcoholic drink. No any illicit drug was reported to be used. The patient reported that he like cycling to school. He further reported that he is not involved in sexual activity. Family is likely noncontributory factor. The patient reported no difficulty of breathing. On further of review of system the patient did no report complains of chest pain, shortness of breath whether resting or on exertion. He also reported no orthopnea while lying down. Also on further review there was no reported paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. The patient did not report any chest pain related condition on questioning him. He reported no problem related with blood pressure. He reported no shortness of breath on activity done. The patient did not report paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea related to cardiac disease. The patient reported no shortness of breath, further he reported no snoring at night and apnea. On further review of system the patient did not report use of pillows while sleeping. Also reported no coughing at night and exertional apnea. The patient did not complained of abnormal bowel sound. The patient reported normal colour texture and consistency of stool. The patient reported normal appetite without deviation to the extreme. In addition, the patient reported no nausea and vomiting for the past days, he did not report constipation or diarrhea. The patient also did not complained dysphagia. The patient complained of polyuria and urgency of micturition. The patient reported no pain

Obsession Compulsive Disorder Research Proposal

Obsession Compulsive Disorder - Research Proposal Example "Researches have found that one-third to one-half of OCD cases identified in adults began during childhood" (Hyman and Pedrick 16). Most of the causes of OCD are biological. "About half of all the people with OCD experience the symptoms in childhood. Among children, twice as many boys than girls demonstrate characteristics of OCD. For others, the disorder begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Interestingly, by adulthood, the male female ratio is almost fifty-fifty." (Boyles and Contadino 233). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder has a variety of symptoms like contamination symptoms, symptoms related to performing tasks and intrusive fears and thoughts. Along with this symptoms can be of violent or aggressive thoughts, and inappropriate sexual thoughts. "Although people appear to be distinct dimensions in OCD, it should be noted that most patients report multiple symptoms that cut across dimensions" (Swinson 7). With obsessions, "there are three common themes: unwanted thoughts of aggression/harm, unwanted sexual thoughts, and blasphemous thoughts" (De Silva and Rachman 4). In layman's language the symptoms include, some patients fear the presence of body secretions like sweat and saliva. Some symptoms related to performing actions repeatedly can be specific counting patterns or repeatedly washing the hands or clearing the throat. Some people suffer with repeatedly getting unpleasant and involuntary thoughts and images, usually a result of depression. Some people suffer with repeatedly violent thoughts like jumping off a bride or a train or even hurting a child. Sometimes people suffer from inappropriate sexual thoughts like kissing, fondling, oral sex intercourse or anal sex with parents, strangers, friends or even children. This usually happens when the sufferer doubts his or her sexual ability. Scientists believe that the causes of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder are both biological and psychological. Biologically it is believed that there is some abnormality with the neurotransmitter serotonin of the patient that causes OCD. Psychologists believe that OCD is caused by anxiety provoking intrusive thoughts. Some studies have proved that OCD can also be caused due to nutrition deficiencies. There is no complete cure for OCD, however, there are some treatments to help people suffering with OCD. In the past, people suffering from OCD did not have any medical or psychological help, they had to fight their symptoms on their own, which caused most patients to live in pain. Today treatment is available and a person suffering from OCD to seek early treatment. The early treatment is started the less are the chances of a person developing complications from the illness. However, "most writers simply discount the possibility that the outcome can be influenced by treatment" (Mavissakalian, Tuner and Michelson 29). The first line treatments for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder are cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy and medication. One of the most effective methods of treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder if Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is done on a one to one basis or within a group setting assisted by a trained specialist. It is usually the first step of treatment for OCD patients, especially children. The only proven form of psychotherapy for OCD is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or CBT. Cognitive Behavior

In what way can we characterize inmate literature Essay

In what way can we characterize inmate literature - Essay Example Gallardo) written by inmates portrays feelings of prisoners. The question is how can we characterize inmate literature? Inmates use literature for many purposes. The most prominent use of literary work by prisoners is to communicate to their loved ones back at home. Open Line gives evidences of inmates communicating to their families back at home through pieces of literature. Frank Valdivia, an inmate, communicates to his two daughters. He says, â€Å"I lost everything I had and everything I loved when I came to prison. But the person I was didn’t deserve any of it. There are people outside this wall that love you or that you love. They deserve the best, so be your best. I’m finally doing my best and my two daughters Kayla and Alicia deserve it.† (Gallardo 58) He uses literature to assure his two daughters that he is doing his best to become a changed person. Inmates also use literary work in criticizing unfair judgments in courts, especially towards young crimin als who stand a better chance of rehabilitation. In Open Line, Charlie Spence indicates in his confession that underage criminals are not given a judgment as a juvenile but instead as adults. He says, â€Å"Had I been tried and convicted as a juvenile, I would have been given a better chance at rehabilitation and a second chance in society at the age of 25. I feel even more strongly now that I ever did back then, that trying juvenile offenders as adults and convicting them to life in prison is immoral.† (11) He feels that juvenile offenders should not be judged as adults, regardless of the magnitude of their crime, because they can easily be rehabilitated. Inmates value the fact that, despite their misconducts, there are people out there who still care so much about them and would rather they came back into the society after serving their terms in prison. Evidences cited from the book Open Line prove this statement. For instance, Michael Endres, a prisoner, receives a letter from his daughter who does not even know him because he has been in prison since she was an infant. He says, â€Å"When I realized who the letter was from, I was surprised and shocked. While reading it, the emotions kicked into gear, I was tickled to death to know that she wanted to know me, and I was sad for her cause she didn’t know how I would feel about hearing from her. She didn’t know that her letter caused my heart to truly smile.† (34) This is an indication that Michael’s daughter loves him despite the fact that she does not know him because he has been in prison for such a long time. In addition to the love and affection from those outside, inmates also value the welfare of others who are yet to be convicted for various crimes. It is important to note how Charlie Spence, an inmate, advocates for the rights of juveniles, even though he is in prison. He gives a strong argument against the conviction of juveniles as adults when they are sentenced fo r life imprisonment

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 25

Marketing - Essay Example fragrance is a step in the right direction and Levi Strauss will not have any foreseeable problems in this venture being already a market leader in the apparels business which is also a part of the modeling scenario. However, the ride may not be smooth and it will take the company every effort from the launch of the new products to ensure that the perfume brand does not fall short on any count. The competition is tight and the present players in the field, including the grey market, are not likely to part with their market share without a fight. Internationally, the cosmetics and fragrance market is the domain of the affluent and the middle class. These sections of the population are vigilant. It is also a shifting clientele who are ever on the lookout for better products and will not bat an eyelid to change over to a new brand if it proves to be more effective. Cosmetics and fragrance are products of personal preferences and the packaging is as important as the product. The market is in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australia. The clients in each zone have tastes and habits peculiar to the region. Zonal cultures have a role in the preference of cosmetics and fragrance. Hence it is important to keep in view factors that influence sale of the products in different regions. After the launch, the product may require changes in content or outlook for acceptance in different regions. Do not take anything for granted and keep feedback notes so that changes wherever required can be made in the next production batch (Cosmetics market research). The management of territorial markets is necessary to monitor the performance of the products in a specific region. Every outlet is a specific locality and it is important to get the views of the local players for they are knowledgeable about customer needs. Big brands like L’Oreal have strong presence in local markets almost everywhere. L’Oreal invests substantially in research and development. This enables them to keep

Culture in organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culture in organization - Essay Example According to my mentor, it is essential to have culture in an organization. This is because culture creates an opportunity for the employees to learn from each other on different cultural values. Such includes improvement on their appreciation of individuals from other cultures. As such, it becomes easier for employees to interact and conduct business with different people from all geographical locations in the world. Culture is an integral part in determining the interaction strategies and methods for employees. Such includes enhancing a health competition at the organization workplace. Culture also ensures that employees have a sense of direction while at the workplace, which determines their ability of achieving success in different spheres of life (Lowe 1). Furthermore, culture ensures that employees have an identity while in the organization. Such includes a cultural policy, which offers the direction and guidelines for employees while in the organization. Consequently, an organ ization wins loyalty from employees, which contributes towards the achievement of success in business activities. Culture creates a difference of promoting the brand image of a firm by establishing a common platform for individuals. Such is possible because culture brings unity among employees from different cultural backgrounds. These employees also get a chance of establishing long-lasting relationships, which enables them to extract the best from all the team members in an organization.

Introduction to Languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Introduction to Languages - Essay Example Loose Ladies My point was is that I feel like want to raise more awareness am in a position where I can’t just pick myself and just go thank God hating hasn’t stopped they need us to help them keep close to them. Phonetic transcription m aÉ ª p É’ É ª Å‹ t w É’ s É ª s ÃŽ ¸ É‘: t aÉ ª f i: l l aÉ ª k e aÉ ª w à ¦ Å‹ t t ÊŠ r eÉ ª s e m É’ É‘: w e É‘: n e s s É‘: m É ª n p É’ s É ª t É ª É’ n weÉ™Ê ³ e É‘: É ª k É‘: n t dÊ’ ÊÅ' s t p É ª k m aÉ ª s e l f É‘: n d dÊ’ ÊÅ' s t g É’. ÃŽ ¸ n k g É’ d h à ¦ t É ª Å‹ g h É‘: s n t s t É’ p p e d ÃŽ ¸ eÉ ª n i: d ÊÅ' s t ÊŠ h e l p ÃŽ ¸ e m k i: p k l É’ s t ÊŠ ÃŽ ¸ e m. Q2.1 A morpheme is a combination of sounds, which can give a specific meaning. There are two types of morphemes free morphemes and bound morphemes. A free morpheme can stand alone and give complete meaning while a bound morpheme cannot give meaning on its own. Examples of free morphemes include cat, dog cow, house, computer and television. An Example of a bound morpheme is in the word dogs (Bauer B 2007). The letter â€Å"s† is a bound morpheme since it cannot give any meaning just on its own, it must accompany another morpheme to make meaning. A house is a place used by man for staying. A dog is an animal kept by man for security purposes. It alerts him when there is danger at night or during the day. A computer is a machine used by man to process and store information. A television is equipment used to give information through audiovisual means from a broadcasting station and a cow is a type of cattle kept by man for providing milk. In language A, Mu means yam while pa means a house. In plural, the words change to pemu and pepa respectively. This means that the prefix pe is used as bound morpheme to give meaning that the items are in plural. Q2.2 Speaking or writing singular words in requires that one must use articles like an, and a, for uncountable noun for countable nouns in English respectively. Language A does not follow this rule. A good example is â€Å"mu tekan peho† meaning â€Å"a yam is burning.† The article â€Å"a† is not necessary in Language A while it must appear before a noun in English. The second arise in the order of tenses. Tekan indicates present action while tekan with a suffix le at the end of the verb indicates an activity that will continue in future. ‘Is’ in English show a present continuous activity while future continuous tense use will be together with ing at the end of the verb. This is clearly indicated by these examples from language A and Englis h. â€Å"pemu tekan pehole† which means â€Å"yams will be burning (Bauer B 2007).† â€Å"Mu tekan peho† which means, â€Å"a yam is burning.† Task 3 The word black in the first sentence means that all employees ought to put on shoes that painted black only. The color of shoes must be black for all people who expect to do such jobs. Pitch black is a phrase, which indicates that when there is no light darkness cover the house. Therefore, in this context, the darkness covers the house when lights go off. One has to express openly his points clearly for others to understand. In some occasions, it might be difficult to identify which group is right. When there is no clarity of points the words black and white indicates the inability to identify whether a point is right or wrong. During funerals, there is rampart sadness in and around the home of the bereaved. All people who come to the funeral sympathize and comfort the bereaved (Bauer B 2007). In this case, the word black means those sad moments related to death. On this day people where black clothes to indicate their sorrowful moments. There are different forms of tea in

Globalization and South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Globalization and South Korea - Essay Example Ever since the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) came into effect in the 90's and the World Trade Organization was established with a mandate to regulate and intervene in the disputes arising out of globalization, the world economy has been integrated in a way that has surpassed the earlier attempts. This is noteworthy, as contrary to popular belief, trade and commerce between nations has always been the case since the first ships carrying silk, spices and muslin from the east and other exotic stuff from the west has set forth for each other's shores. In fact, the famous voyage of Christopher Columbus is a testament to the ability of nations to seek out markets other than their own for trade. Though the world was integrated in colonial times as well, the process received a setback in the 21st century in the intervening period between the two world wars. It was only after the establishment of the Bretton Woods system that the world economy started regaining some of its int erconnectedness. And the demise of alternatives to capitalism and the free market system ensured that all countries with a desire to alleviate poverty and raise the standard of living of the peoples would invariably turn to trade and commerce and utilize the "theory of comparative advantage"iii as proposed by the noted economist David Ricardo. Globalization as a phenomenon cannot be avoided. Despite the setbacks to the process by the events in the aftermath of 9/11, Globalization continues its inexorable march adding new strands to its already well-knit thread. The successes of India and China in this decade and the successes of the so-called "Tiger economies" of South East Asia in the previous decades are proof that globalization works. The Real Issues Covering Globalization Procedures There are numerous studies that pertain to the reasons behind the reality of the actual events of the worldwide events regarding the issue of underdeveloped countries. There have also been numerous theories designed through the said studies to be able to explain the reason behind the issue being discussed herein. For instance, John Degnbol-Martinussen said in his book Aid: Understanding International Development Cooperation, "the foreign relations between many countries worldwide mainly depend upon the economic status of each state. The ability to be n relation with other countries is usually dependent upon the fact that a country is required to have a certain considerable economic status in the world economy" (13). Saying this, Martinussen simply shows how the present society measures a country's status through its economic status. This is mainly the reason behind the fact that there exist three divisions of economic class in the global setting of economic scale. Basing from the dep endency theory, it could be identified that among the reason behind the status of underdeveloped countries is the fact that many poor sectors of the global economy remain as suppliers to the developed states. They serve as mere support to the 'bigger or larger sectors' of the human generation. The fact that proves the said theory is its basis upon the actual occurrences today regarding the oppression of the poor. True, to be able to remain wealthy, many developed countries depend upon the underdeveloped ones for raw materials and resources for several

The Philippine Currency Evolution Essay Example for Free

The Philippine Currency Evolution Essay During the Spanish occupation, when they came here in the Philippines in 1521 they brought with them the first European coin called teston. Also it is the first silver coin. When the Galleon trade exercised the earliest coins during the Spanish colonization was the Macuqinas or the cobs. It has a irregular, oddly-shaped coins stamped with a cross on the other side side and a royal coat of armson the other. These coins circulated over 183 years from 1585 to 1768. During the reign of King Philip the fifth of Spain the first rounded machine struck coins with milted edges appeared. These coins called the Dos Mundos or Columnarias. It is one of the most beautiful coin ever produce. It came the time of the coins ? Barillas ¶, the first copper coins to be minted in thePhilippines and after how many colonizers came to our country currency changes. Coins from other Spanish colonies also reached the Philippines and were counter stamped. Gold coins with the portrait of Queen Isabela were minted in Manila. Silver pesos with the profile of young Alfonso XIII were the last coins minted in Spain. The pesos fuertes, issued by the country’s first bank, the El Banco Espanol Filipino de Isabel II, were the first paper money circulated in the country. 898-1899 Asserting its independence, the Philippine Republic of 1898 under General Emilio Aguinaldo issued its own coins and paper currency backed by the country’s natural resources. One peso and five peso notes printed as Republika Filipina Papel Moneda de Un Peso and Cinco Pesos were freely circulated. 2 centimos de peso copper were also issued in 1899. 1900-19 41 The Americans instituted a monetary system for the Philippine based on gold and pegged the Philippine peso to the American dollar at the ratio of 2:1. The new design series of banknotes issued in 1985 replaced the ABL series. Ten years later, a new set of coins and notes were issued carrying the logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. As the repository and custodian of country’s numismatic heritage, the Museo ng Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas collects, studies and preserves coins, paper notes, medals, artifacts and monetary items found in the Philippines during the different historical periods. It features a visual narration of the development of the Philippine economy parallel to the evolution of its currency.

Leadership influence and report

Leadership influence and report 1.1 Introduction As senior material manager in a public bus company called Metroline Travel. I supervise a team of 15 Material managers across London. These personnel are the logistical team and their core responsibilities are the supply, storage and procurement of parts to engineering. The logistical hierarchy is illustrated in figure 1. Figure 1 Metroline Organisational Structure (Engineering Department) 2.1 Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder analysis is a useful technique used to identify the key people within the logistical function framework. These key personnel are very important to the organizational structure because they have tremendous power and influence which affects my embarkation on this project, which involves extending me in terms of leadership and change. According to Mendelows matrix these can be grouped into 4 categories in figure 2: Figure 2 Mendelows matrix in Metroline Travel logistical function High Low C- Keep Satisfied D- Key Players A- Minimal Effort B-Keep Informed Low HighPower Level of Interest A- Engineering administration clerks B- Operation, Suppliers C- Finance department, Material Support Managers D- Engineering managers, Head of Purchasing, Engineering Director, Head of Manning and Training 2.1.1 My experiences of Leadership My life has been a journey. In 2000 I was employed with Her Majestys Armed Forces. I served for a period of seven years with the logistics corps, which I was responsible for both the national and international supply operation of my unit. I was authorised to organise and manage the handling of dangerous and hazardous goods and advanced air and shipping freight. I then moved on to serve with the bomb disposal units within the United Kingdom. Serving in the army not only required flexibility, but also enabled me to adapt rapidly to difficult environments and handle confrontational situations. As a Non Commission Officer; leadership was very task oriented where ones degree of leadership style and authority was determined according to rank. This experience has taught me to place substantial effort and commitment into my actions and work by being a focal point for solving all logistical problems day or night. 2.1.2 My experiences of change There have been many changes within my life. Leaving the Armed Forces was the biggest life changing decision I have ever made. I felt very uncertain about my life direction and decision after having joined the army at 20 years old. However, I needed more from my life; I wanted to accomplish more in terms of going back to university to get a degree. Further, I could not really study within the armed forces because of work constraints and time. But I took initiative and I have completed 80% training towards obtaining my degree. I have also seen changes made to other people in terms of new work procedures being introduced in my current workplace and the resistance that can sometimes occur as a result of these changes. Through those experiences; I realise change can have positive and negative personal effects. It can also affect other colleagues motivation and the business organisational culture. 2.1.3 My experiences of leadership and change I have experience change within different working environments, change such as having to work on a Saturday for 2 weeks because of a deadline and the Change Facilitator taking the initiative by effectively communicating the reasons for the change and their actions. Although the individual was the head of the department and did not have to work on the Saturday, turning up to work which to me (a subordinate) demonstrated leadership and the ability to make the change flow smoothly. On the other hand, I have also experienced poorly structured change by instructions; such as to change working practices without any consultations coming from directors who have lost touch with their employees and working environment. This type of leadership infuriates me and other staff and the change is always met with high resistance. 2.1.4 The key issues from me and my workplace My company is very unionised and after reading a few chapters of the developing a productive inquiry; I have started noticing positive and negatives things about myself and my workplace. I found that I am a bit timid within meetings with senior managers, although I have very good ideas about solving problems, I do not speak up and I have no idea why, which creates a level of personal uncertainty. Also within my workplace I have started looking at other managers leadership style, the good and the bad. For me to grow and improve as a manager; I would like to incorporate the good points within my current style with the support of the other managers. Organisation boundaryFigure 3 The key issues within my workplace Material managers Trade Union Working conditions Honesty Employment contracts Organisational culture Senior management support Support and Improve performance Senior material manager Other managers and departments Support Good points Good communicator Creditable by my actions Approachable Able to get the job done without conflict Economic factors Global credit crunch Slow rate of economic growth Political and Economic factors Government sending Review cuts Factors in outside the system in the Marco environment 2.1.5 The Importance of Leadership and Change to Me I believe from my past experiences, I have an understanding of the structure of leadership and change. In addition to learn more about leadership and change will enable me to become a better manager. In my work context; it will help me to become more people- orientated with the tools I learn from this course. In my personal life; the course will add points to my degree will enable career development and progression illustrated in figure 4 and mind map. Figure 4 The Importance of Leadership and Change to Me Leadership Improve my self-esteem and confidence Change and leadership Support and personal development Change and leadership Improve communication skills Leadership Motivate my team Change and leadership Being decisive about choices Leadership Networking Change and leadership Understanding the uncertainty and fear within me Change and leadership Challenging myself to try new ideas Change and leadership Setting the example and leading the way ME The beginning of my Journey with B204 mind map- (to be continue) 2.1.6 Opportunities to explore my Evidence Base Initiatives (EBI) My first thoughts on opportunities to explore as a possible basis for my EBI, illustrated in figure 4 (Developing Productive Inquiry P. 27) Inquiry Timeline Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Stores reorganisation 6 months Current organisational change program Will not be completed by end of course To improve performance and learning while practicing from tools and theories from B204 To choose a mentor Lack of support from other managers Researching universities to study my MBA 1 year My personal goal No growth over that period To use reflecting and research tools to make a choice Long timeframe to complete Searching for a new job in China 1 year My personal and situational goal High unemployment within China To learn a new culture Risk and uncertainty created by my decision to move Figure 4 my cycle of inquiry Action Stores reorganisation Researching universities to study my MBA Searching for a new job in China Series of consequences Evidence and Evaluation Gathering Information And Reflection I am currently looking at the best possible inquiry to focus on for my EBI, 2 are personal goals which are very important in my development and aspiration and 1 is work related which can improve my performance with support from my peers illustrated in figure 5 and 6 (Developing Productive Inquiry P. 16) Figure 5 possible inquiries to focus my EBI Searching for a new job in China I would like to life and work in China, its a very substantial decision. But I have the complete autonomy to make this decision. However this will change the way I interact with my friends and family, so I will seek advice from them Stores reorganisation Need support C- Finance department, Material Support Managers D- Engineering managers, Head of Purchasing, Engineering Director, Head of Manning and Training Researching universities to study my MBA I have the complete autonomy to make this decision. But I will need support from friends and family Figure 6 possible inquiries to focus my EBI Intrapreneurial Searching for a new job in China A very important project that will really stretches me, but this is very risky. Scaling Up Researching universities to study my MBA A significant project to undertake in terms of research and time Broadening Stores reorganisation Outside of current job description with this store project which I am trying out new skills 2.1.7 My questions about leadership and change I have an initial answer for these questions see appendix. However by the end of this course; I would like to answer these questions from my new learning reflections illustrated in figure 7 . 1. What makes a good leader? 2. What does a good leader do? 3. Is management the same as leadership? 4. Can I be a good manager or a good leader? 5. How do I know I am a good leader? 6. Can a good leader make good changes? 7. Is influence the same as power? 8. How can I improve my leadership skills and make positive things happen? Figure 7 my questions within the leadership and change context Leadership Change 1 2 3 4 7 5 6 Evidence Base Initiatives 8 3.1 Conclusion I started the introduction with a reflection from my past experiences in the army. I also highlighted features from my present employment. Both past and present jobs have a board understanding of various leadership styles and the change context. I have some leadership strengths. However, I still feel a very high level of uncertainty and fear of not being able to apply some of the tools and skills obtained from this course into my working environment. I hope I will have support of my work colleagues, other students, family and my tutor in order to improve personally and professionally as a leader. 1170 words 4.1 References Developing Productive Inquiry B204 Making it happen! Leadership, influence and change by Caroline Ramsey 2010 The Open University Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA

Finite Element Analysis And Analytical Method

Finite Element Analysis And Analytical Method Stone columns are widely used as a ground improvement technique especially in construction of shallow foundations. The main concern in the application of stone columns rely on how well it performs, which involves reducing the overall settlement of the stone column. This project mainly investigates the comparison and contrast between finite element analysis and analytical method in modelling stone columns, whereby settlements of the stone columns are checked whether it is consistent. Finite element analyses were carried out by axisymmetric modelling of the stone column using 15-noded triangular elements with the software package PLAXIS. A drained analysis was conducted using Mohr-Coulombs criterion for soft clay, stones and sand. Analytical data used to compare the settlement was found according to the design method published by Heinz J. Priebe (1995). Both methods were compared by varying parameters such as modulus of deformation of the column to sand ratio, area ratio, stress, diameter, and friction angle of stone column that signifies different soil conditions. It is challenging to find a site with acceptable ground conditions for construction of structures such as buildings, bridges, etc. Often the bearing capacity of the soil would not be sufficient to support the loads of the structures nor would it be in a workable condition for the employees to build the structure. The need for the use of such land with weak cohesive soil strata has been a challenge for design engineers. Although the design of piles foundation can meet all the design necessities, extensive lengths of piles needed eventually results in vast increase of cost of the overall project. Therefore, it is a necessity that the ground conditions must be improved to allow the buildings and heavy construction. A number of ground improvement techniques have been developed over the past fifty years. Main concern of these techniques includes creating stiff reinforcing elements to the soil mass, which results in a soil that has a higher bearing capacity. Out of the various techniques available for ground improvement, the stone column has been widely used. Stone columns (also known as granular columns, granular piles or sand columns) are used to improve soft ground by increasing the load bearing pressure of the soil and reducing settlement of the foundation of structures, embankments, etc. Although these structures are permissible for a relatively large settlement, it is necessary that the settlement be minimized for maximum safety. There have been several ways for installing stone columns depending on the design, local practice and availability of equipment. Among which, the most general methods are the vibro-replacement method and vibro-displacement or vibro-compaction methods. Vibro-replacement technique of stone column is a process whereby large sized columns of compacted coarse aggregates are installed through the weak soil by means of special in-depth vibrators. This can be carried out either with the dry or wet process. In the dry process, a hole of desired depth is drilled down in to the ground by jetting a vibroflot. Upon extraction of the vibroflot, the borehole must be able to stand open. The densification of the soil will be a result of the vibrator near the bottom of the vibroflot. In the wet process, the vibroflot will form a borehole that is of larger diameter than the vibrator and it requires continuous supply of water. As a result the uncased hole is flushed out and filled with granular soil. Th e main difference between wet and dry process is the absence of continuous jetting water during the initial formation of the borehole in the dry process. The performance of the stone columns is not measurable by simple investigations. However, analytically, the efficiency of this composite system that consists of stone column and soil interactions can be assessed by separate consideration of significant parameters as proposed by Priebe (1995) [1]. Stone column technique has proven successful in improving many applications. Such applications include slope stability of both natural slopes and embankments. Construction of such embankments can commence immediately after the installation of stone columns (Vibro Stone Columns, 2009) [2]. Other advantages include increasing bearing capacity of ground, reducing total and differential settlements, reducing the liquefaction potential of sands. The main disadvantage of the stone column technique is its ability to induce bulging failure on the upper part of the stone column. In-situ field tests (cone penetration test and full scale footing test) before construction and after construction of stone columns have shown significant improvements in the soil (J. T. Blackburn, J. K. Cavey, K. C. Wikar, and M. R. Demcsak., 2010) [3]. In a study of the behaviour of stone columns, (Mitchell J.K., and Huber T.K., 1985) [4], by using finite element analysis, had proved that the installation of stone columns leads to a 30-40% reduction in settlement of the values expected that of an untreated ground. 1.2 Objectives The main objective of this project is to show that the analytical method used to design stone columns and the finite element method used to model the stone column numerically, has comparable total and differential settlement. The analysis also provide the understanding of the influence on settlement by varying parameters such as modulus of deformation of the column to sand ratio (Ec/Es), Area ratio (Ac/A), stress à Ã†â€™0, diameter D, and friction angle of stone column ÃŽÂ ¦c, and finally comparing them against the Priebe analytical approach. The objectives of the project are to: study the existing analytical and numerical theories related to stone column modelling develop an axisymmetric simulation of the stone columns by using finite element method, and compare the settlement difference with the analytical results by altering various parameters related to settlement change. This project uses the finite element software package PLAXIS to simulate the stone column numerically and the design method proposed by Heinz J. Priebe (1995) [1] for the analytical results. 1.3 Organization of the research paper In addition to the abstract, list of figures and notation, acknowledgement, and table of contents, this dissertation is divided to six chapters: The first chapter consists of introduction and background of stone columns where it briefly summarizes the installation methods, some of the advantages and disadvantages of the stone columns. The second chapter describes the study of existing analytical and numerical theories regarding modelling stone columns. In this chapter, other than the main findings from the theories, the full procedure of Priebe (1995) method of modelling stone column has been reviewed. Third chapter describes how the stone column was modelled using the PLAXIS software, including the assumptions made and technical data used in different models. The fourth chapter shows the results obtained from the analysis compared to the analytical method proposed by Priebe (1995). The results are presented using necessary graphs and charts. The fifth chapter includes the conclusion of the project and provides recommendations for further studying. The final chapter lists out the references used in this project. The Appendix contains documents such as the Risk Assessment, Diary of the work progress, and the any additional tables and figures of the analysis. CHAPTER TWO 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Many researchers in this field have made their effortless contribution studying the behaviour of stone columns numerically and analytically. Most of the numerical analyses were conducted using finite element analysis, whereas analytical method is derived from a series of equations. Some of the main findings from researchers related to this study are reviewed below. 2.1 Analytical Models 2.1.1 Alamgir, Miura, Poorooshasb, and Madhav, (1996) Alamgir et al. (1995) proposed a simple theoretical approach to evaluate the deformation behaviour of uniformly loaded ground reinforced by columnar inclusions. The displacements of the soil and stone columns are obtained by considering the elastic deformation of both soil and column. A typical column-reinforced ground and column soil unit (Fig. 2.1) where the column is considered to be cylinder, of height H and diameter of dc (=2a where a is the radius) The deformation at a cross section within the column, wcz, is assumed to be constant throughout whereas the deformation of the surrounding soil, wrz, increases from the soil column surface towards the outer boundary of the unit cell (Fig. 2.2). This denotes that since the column soil interface is elastic and no slip occurs, the displacements of the soil and the column at interface can be assumed to be equal. The deformation of the surrounding ground, wrz, is assumed to follow: where wrz is the displacement of the soil element at a depth z and at a radial distance r, wcz is the displacement of the column element at a depth z, ÃŽÂ ±cz and ÃŽÂ ²c are the displacement parameters, a and b are the radii of column and unit cell, respectively, r is the radial distance measured from the center of the column. The column and the surrounding soil were discretized in to a number of elements as shown in Fig. 2.3. The interaction shear stresses and stresses on the column and the soil were obtained by using equilibrium of vertical forces within the medium (Fig. 2.4). Successively the displacement of the column and soil were obtained by solving equations by applying the linear deformation characteristics of the soil. Therefore, the deformation of the jth element of the column, Wcj was obtained as: where à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H is the height of a single element, Es and Ec are the modulus of deformations of soil and column material respectively, vs is the Poissons ratio of the soil, and à Ã†â€™cj is the normal stress acting at the top of the jth element of the column. Due to the symmetry of load and geometry, the shear stress at the outside boundary of the unit cell is zero, which subsequently leads to an equation for ÃŽÂ ²c Furthermore, the compression of the soil element adjacent to the boundary of unit cell (N,jth element of the soil), wsNj was derived as: where à Ã†â€™sNj is the normal stress acting at the top of the element, n is the spacing ratio b/a, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R is à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  r/a and à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  r is (b-a)/n. By using the displacement compatibility and substituting r/a=n-à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R/2, Eq. [2.1] can be written as: Finally, solving the equations 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5 can lead to the displacement parameter The settlement profiles, the shear stress distribution, and the load sharing from the above mention method was compared against a simple finite element analysis as shown in Fig. 2.5, Fig. 2.6, and Fig. 2.7. It is seen that the results obtained shows a reasonable agreement between the two methods and can be used as a useful method to determine the settlement of the stone columns. 2.1.2 Priebe (1995) Priebe (1995) proposed a design method to assess the behaviour of stone columns that uses an improvement factor which stone columns improve the performance of the subsoil in comparisons to the state without columns. The above statement was best described using the following relationship: According to this improvement factor, the deformation modulus of the composite system is increased respectively settlements are reduced. A unit cell of area A is considered which consists of a single column with the cross section area Ac. Calculation of the improvement factor was done by assuming that: The stone column to be of incompressible material The stone column is installed within a rigid layer The bulk densities of the stone column and soil are also neglected. Hence, according to Priebes approach, column cannot fail in end bearing and any settlement of the load area results in a bulging of the column, which remains constant all over its length. The improvement of a soil achieved by the presence of stone columns is evaluated based on the assumption that the column material shears from the beginning whilst the surrounding soil reacts elastically. Additionally, the coefficient of earth pressure amounts to K=1 by assuming that the soil to be displaced already during the column installation to such a degree that its preliminary resistance corresponds to the liquid state. Using the above criterion the basic improvement factor n0 is expressed as: where = Improvement factor Ac = Area of the stone column A = Grid area of the single unit = Poissons ratio = Coefficient of active earth pressure for the stone column material = Friction angle of the stone column material Since a Poissons ratio of 1/3 is adequate for the state of final settlement in most cases, the results of the evaluation is expressed as basic improvement factor n0 and substituting 1/3 as Poissons ratio, which leads to the following equation. The relation between the improvement factor n0, the area ratio A/Ac and the friction angle of the backfill material is illustrated in figure 2.8 below. The compacted backfill material of the stone column is still compressible. Due to this reason, applied load of any amount will lead to settlements that are unconnected with bulging of the columns. Subsequently, compressibility of the column is integrated by adding up an additional area ratio (A/Ac) as a function of the constrained moduli of the columns and soil Dc/Ds and is provided in the Fig. 2.9. The improvement factor as a result of the consideration of the column compressibility is represented by n1, as shown in the equation: where and Furthermore, for =1/3 can be found using the equation below The additional loads due to the bulk densities of the soil and columns decrease the pressure difference asymptotically and reduce the bulging correspondingly. Subsequently, multiplying the basic improvement factor by a depth factor could incorporate the effect of the bulk density, which is given by: where, fd = Depth factor K0C = Coefficient of earth pressure at rest for stone column material = Bulk density of the soil = Layer thickness Pc = Pressure within the column along the depth Figure 2.10 shows the influence factor y as a function of the Area ratio A/Ac and can be used to approximate the depth factor. The figure considers the same bulk density for the columns and soil, which may not be true in most cases. Therefore as a safety measure, the lower value of the soil should be always considered. Using the above depth factor fd, a more enhanced improvement factor can be defined that considers the effects of the overburden pressure, and therefore is represented by n2 where it can be related by the following equation: The depth factor is limited so that the settlement of the columns resulting from their inherent compressibility does not exceed the settlement of the composite system. This is because as the depth increases, the support by the soil reaches such an extent that the column do not bulge anymore. The first compatibility control where the depth factor is limited is applied when the existing soil is stiff or dense and is given by: The second compatibility control is required since should not be considered even if it may result from the calculation. This second control relates to the maximum value of the improvement factor nmax and is applied when the existing soil is loose or soft. Both compatibility controls can be determined using figure 2.11 below. Finally, the total settlement of a single or a strip footing can be assessed using the above series of equations. The design results from the performance of an unlimited column grid below an unlimited load area. For the unimproved ground, the settlement can be found using the equation: where, sà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¾ = Total settlement p = Pressure exerted by the above structure d = Depth of the stone column Ds = Constrained modulus of the soil Similarly, the total settlement of the improved ground, where the improvement factor is incorporated, can be found by dividing the settlement by n2, which is shown below: This method is one of the most common and well-known method of designing stone columns and has been widely used all over the world because of its simplicity. Moreover, in comparison with the other methods, it shows a much wider behaviour of the stone column by assuming the stone column and surrounding soil as a composite system. 2.2 Numerical Models 2.2.1 A.P. Ambily and Shailesh R. Gandhi (2007) Ambily and Shailesh (2007) studied the behaviour of stone columns by comparing experimental and Finite Element analysis on a single stone column and a group of 7 columns. Laboratory experiments were carried out on a stone column of 100mm diameter surrounded by soft clay in cylindrical tanks of 500mm high with diameter varying from 210 to 420 mm for a single column test and from 210 835 mm for a group of 7 columns. This represents the required unit cell area of soft clay around each stone column. Pressure cells attached to the loading plate were used to measure the stress intensity of the column and the soil as shown in figures 2.12 and 2.13. Furthermore, it is also assumed the stone columns are installed in a triangular pattern. The load deformation behaviour of the column/treated soil was studied by applying vertical load for both cases; column only loading and entire area loading, and observed for equal intervals of settlements until failure occurs. After a series of procedure, the shapes of the tested columns are obtained. It is clearly seen in Fig. 2.14 that bulging mode of failure only occurs in the case of column alone loaded, and not in the case of entire area loaded. Finite Element analysis was conducted using 15-noded triangular elements with the software package PLAXIS, to compare the load-settlement behaviour with the model test and the laboratory experiment. The analysis was carried out using a stone column of diameter 25 mm and 225 mm high, which was made at the center of the clay bed and loaded with a plate of diameter two times the diameter of the stone column. The axisymmetric finite element mesh to represent the single stone column and the group of stone columns are shown in Fig. 2.15 and Fig. 2.16 respectively. Likewise the laboratory experiment, finite element analyses were done for column alone loaded and entire area loaded case for s/d=3. The results of these simulations (Fig. 2.17) shows that failure by bulging occurs in column alone loaded case, which also agrees with the results from laboratory experiment. The comparison of the experimental results and finite element analysis data shows significant consistency in both methods. The comparisons made by A.P. Ambily and Shailesh R. Gandhi include the effect of shear strength, Cu (Fig. 2.18) and the effect of s/d (Fig. 2.19) on the behaviour of stone columns. Additionally, the effect of surcharge on stress settlement behaviour (Fig. 2.20) and effect of s/d and ÃŽÂ ¦ on the stiffness improvement factor (Fig. 2.21) was compared between both methods. These tests have also shown similar behaviour. The stiffness improvement factor (ÃŽÂ ²) was calculated as the ratio of the stiffness of treated and untreated ground, and beyond s/d = 3, it shows no significant improvement. The analysis was extended to study the effect of the angle of internal friction of stones by varying the ÃŽÂ ¦ as 35, 40, 43, and 45o for varying values of s/d ranging from 1.5 4. From the results shown in Fig. 2.22, it is confirmed that this relationship is valid for any shear strength values of surrounding soil. Furthermore, the comparisons between a single column and group of 7 columns were found as in Fig. 2.23. Both experimental and finite element method results reveal comparable behaviour regarding the ultimate load and load deformation relationship. To ensure that this proposed design method agrees with the existing theories, this study was compared with the existing theories as shown in Fig. 2.24 and Fig. 2.25. The result shows a slightly higher stiffness improvement factor (ÃŽÂ ²) for an area ratio more than 4 and a lower value for an area ratio less than 4 compared to Priebe (1995). 2.3 Summary The studies mentioned above show comparable results and have been adopted by many engineers and contractors. However, not many researchers had compared Priebes analytical model with finite element method. Therefore, the finite element analysis carried out in this project will be compared to the design method proposed by Priebe (1995), since it gives a much broader overview of the composite system consisting of the stone column and soil interactions and moreover it is the most common and improved analytical method used by the design engineers around the globe. CHAPTER THREE 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction Different methods of modelling stone columns numerically have been implemented in the past. Among those, the most simplest and common type of numerical modelling is using finite element method. In fact, studies have shown that the settlements predicted from the finite element analysis shows comparable results that of the values gained from actual field tests (Kirsch, F. 2009). Numerical calculations are usually complex and most of the time is impossible to conduct without means of dedicated software. Likewise, in this research project, PLAXIS software is used to carry out the finite element analyses. 3.2 PLAXIS software The main computer software used in this investigative project is PLAXIS Professional Version 8.2. PLAXIS is a comprehensive package for finite element analyses for geotechnical applications. It allows simulating the soil behaviour by using soil models. The software employs a graphical user interface that makes it simple to use and also provide the ability to input the necessary parameters such as different soil layers, structural elements, variety of loadings, and boundary conditions through CAD drawing procedures. It allows discretizing the soil component into either 6-noded or 15-noded triangular elements whereby 15-noded triangles provides high stress results for complex problems. The software also allows automatic generation of 2D finite element meshes that can be further refined according to the choice of analysis. In addition to that, the software comes with a very useful feature named Staged Construction. This feature allows the models to be simulated at different stages by ac tivating and deactivating clusters of elements, application of loads, etc. One of the advantages of this software is the ability to generate the results quickly with minimum errors. The output results include values for stresses, strains, settlements, and structural forces together with the plots of different curves such as, load-displacement curve, stress-strain diagrams, and time-settlement curve. 3.3 Finite Element Modelling Finite element analysis was conducted to compare the load-settlement behaviour of the stone column. A two dimensional axisymmetric analysis was carried out since the investigation concerns a single unit of stone column using Mohr-Coulombs criterion for clay and stone column. 15-noded discretization was used for more precise results. The initial vertical stress due to gravity has been considered in this analysis. Similarly, the stress due to column installation, which often depends on the method of construction, is also considered in this analysis. Assumptions made in the finite element modelling: The soil is assumed to be homogenous, infinite and behaves as Mohr-Coulomb model. The ground water table is at the same level as the stone column and clay layer, meaning the stone column and clay layer is submerged in the water. Hence, effect of ground water condition should be taken into account. The base of the clay layer is rigid, i.e., full fixity at the base of the geometry (ux=0, uy=0) and roller conditions at the vertical sides (ux=0, uy=free) boundary conditions are shown in Figure 3.1(a). Assumed that deformation of the column is mainly by radial bulging and no significant shear is possible. Therefore, interface element between stone column and clay has not been used. Mitchell, J. K., and Huber, T. R. (1985) also carried out similar type of finite element analysis without the inclusion of the interface element. 3.4 Geometrical Parameters The dimensions of the PLAXIS model are shown in Figure 3.1(b). H is the height of the column, which varies between 10m, 20m, and 30m. D is the diameter of the stone column, which has a typical value of 1m, in all the models except for the model to check the influence of diameter and spacing. Equivalent diameter De depends on the spacing between stone columns as well as the arrangement pattern of the columns. The value of De was calculated by considering the following Influence Area methods. 3.4.1 Influence Area Methods There are several methods for calculating the equivalent diameter around the stone column, which depends greatly on the spacing, diameter, and pattern of installation of the stone column. Two methods were considered in this investigation. 3.4.1.1 Equivalent Area method The equivalent area method simply equates the area of the grid spacing with that of the cross sectional area of column to find the influence area around the stone column. The following example gives a better understanding of the above statement. Example: Grid spacing of the column = 1.5 X 1.5 meters (square grid) Therefore, Diameter of stone column = Finally, Where, De is the equivalent diameter around the stone column. 3.4.1.2 Unit cell method (Balaam Booker, 1981) Unit cell consists of the column and the surrounding soil within the zone of influence of the column. The unit cell has the same area as the actual domain and its perimeter is shear free and undergoes no lateral displacement. Balaam Booker (1981) relates the diameter of the unit cell to the spacing of the columns as: where, De is the equivalent diameter (for square grid) S is the spacing of the stone column Similarly the different geometrical patterns due to column arrangements are shown in the Figure 3.2. Both methods reviewed above gives relatively similar magnitudes. However, Priebes analytical method concerns more on unit cell area. Hence, for this investigation Equivalent Area method is used to model the influence are in PLAXIS. 3.5 Mesh Refinement Test Mesh generation has a great influence in the accuracy of the model. Generally, the finer the mesh the more accurate the result would be. However, this is not true for every case. Therefore a simple test using PLAXIS was conducted to check the effect of mesh refinement. Initially, mesh generation was set to coarse (around 100 elements), utilized as global coarseness of model. The test was carried out by comparing it with the refined mesh (around 500 elements). Moreover, the mesh is further refined which in PLAXIS is set to very fined (around 1000 elements). The generated meshes are shown in Figure 3.3. followed by the time-displacement graph showing the comparison between coarse, medium, fine and very fine mesh refinements. (Figure 3.4) From the above graph it can be seen that the four curves gives comparable results. However, the coarse, medium, and fine meshes give very similar results compared to the very fine mesh refinement. The objective here was to get the lowest value for the displacement since the improved ground due to the installation of stone column would eventually lead to a reduced settlement. Therefore, the finest mesh refinement gives the most precise result. Even though it takes a substantial amount of time to simulate using the most finest meshing, for this investigation, models had been simulated using the very fine mesh option. 3.6 Input Parameters Varying the soil parameters can alter soil characteristics. Most important outcome by altering these parameters is deformation that leads to settlement. Such parameters that have major impact on settlement includes, material type, spacing of stone columns, diameter of influence area, diameter of stone column, elastic modulus of both column and soil, depth of the soil layer, Poissons ratio for both column material and soil, Unit weights of the materials, cohesion, friction angle, etc. Soil and material properties are shown in Table 3.1. Note that the effective stress cohesion, c of the stone column is given a small nonzero value to avoid numerical complications. The majority of the above parameters are considered for only one type of test model and are varied for different model tests. The varied parameters such as elastic modulus of soil and column, friction angle, spacing between columns and influence area around the stone column are reviewed in the following section. 3.7 Test Models The main objective of this project is comparing both analytical and numerical method using Priebes analytical approach and finite element analysis as numerical solution. This can only be achieved by developing multiple models and simulations to obtain a range of values to compare with, which would lead to a more solid conclusion. Three constitutive models were considered for the representation of the following three cases. A clay layer of 30 m, which has a stone column of height 10 m installed. A clay layer of 30 m, which has a stone column of height 20 m installed. A clay layer of 30 m, which has a stone column of height 30 m installed. Note that 1 and 2 are floating columns that are not extended to bedrock or hard layer, which in stone column installation is a rare case, yet installed occasionally. Each of the above tests was carried out by varying the spacing between columns, which would alter the s/d relationship together with the Ac/A ratio. Further tests were carried out to check the influence of stress à Ã†â€™0, diameter D, modulus of deformation of the column to sand ratio Ec/Es and friction angle of stone column ÃŽÂ ¦c using the third case and compared them against the Priebe analytical approach. The summary of test models is given in the Tables 3.2. All the tests were carried out in 3 stages. Install the stone column: Just after the stone column is installed Apply Load: Just after the load is applied to the column Consolidation: After the consolidation process completed to a minimum pore pressure of 1kPa In the all cases the materials were idealized as the Mohr-Coulomb model with the characteristic linear-elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour and the failure criteria defined by the strength parameters given in tables below. Table 3.2 Summary of Model tests Model Test Description Constants Variables 1 Influence of column height on settlement (case 1, 2, and 3) à Ã†â€™0 = 100 kPa Ac/A = 0.2 ÃŽÂ ¦c = 40o Ec/Es = 20 Heigh

Banning Cell Phones while Driving :: Law Legal Cellular Telephone

Cell phones have become a huge part of modern life.. Cell phones play a large role in our society from keeping track of the kids to calling for help in emergencies. As the popularity of cell phones increase, concerns over hazards and car accidents they cause has increased also. A law should be passed stating that all cell phone use be illegal while driving. Talking on a cell phone while trying to drive a car puts the driver, other drivers, and pedestrians in danger. The risk of a passenger, another driver, or a pedestrian being killed by a driver using a cell phone is 1.5 in a million per year. There are three dangers associated with driving and cell phone use. First, drivers must take their eyes off the road while dialing. Second, people can become so wrapped up in their conversations that their ability to concentrate on driving decreases. Lastly, people are constantly reaching for their cell phones to make or answer calls, making it impossible to keep both hands on the wheel. Adding to research that suggests that cell phone use while driving is hazardous, Progressive Insurance found that 46 percent of 837 drivers who used cell phones while driving swerved into another lane, 23 percent tailgated another vehicle, 18 percent almost hit another car, and 10 percent ran a red light. Of those surveyed, 90 percent admitted to using their phone while driving alone. Cell phone use while driving is basically the same as driving after drinking alcohol, both cause the driver to have poor speed maintenance, poor lane control, slow starts at signaled intersections, abrupt lane changes, sudden stops and cutting off other drivers. Driving while talking on a cell phone increases your risk of an accident from 34-300 percent same as driving drunk. Several states have attempted to pass laws to ban cell phone use while driving. Cab drivers in New York are not allowed to use cell phones while driving. On the other hand, those who appose banning cell phones while driving argue that when states issue drivers licenses, an individual motorist has been given the chance to be both responsible and capable of making decisions behind the wheel. Also, holding a conversation on a cell phone while driving is no more distracting than talking to a passenger. Lastly arguing that a driver should be able to chose whether or not to use a cell phone while driving and any attempts to legally prohibit this is taking away the personal rights of motorists.

Intelligent Design and Intelligent Way of Disguising Religion Essay

Could Adam and Eve have been apes? Evolutionists say humans evolved from apes, but many religious people cannot swallow the thought. For years, religious people have voiced their unhappiness with schools teaching evolution. In Genesis, it states that God put all plants, animals, and people on this planet, and evolution contradicts that. Creationists are in accordance with scripture and believe that this biblical idea should be presented in science classes. The idea of including creationism in schools has been heard in courts multiple times but with no success. Now, the creationists have a new way of presenting it. They disguise it behind science and use the term Intelligent Design. Intelligent Design is creationism with a new name and is the attempt of many to incorporate religion into school systems and science education; it has no legitimacy as a true scientific theory, because at its core, it is not science. Intelligent Design poses a real threat to the education of our nation. At least twelve different states have brought up the idea of Intelligent Design or creationism in state courts (â€Å"Intelligent Design in Politics†). One of the most important court cases occurred in the county in which I live, so for me, Intelligent Design hits close to home. The case occurred in 2005 and was called Selman v Cobb County school district. It dealt with the issue of stickers being placed in textbooks that stated, â€Å"This textbook contains material on evolution. Evolution is a theory, not a fact, regarding the origin of living things. This material should be approached with an open mind, studied carefully, and critically considered† (Matsumura). Although I was taught evolution after the case had been settled and the county was forced to remove... ...Prod. Vanessa Tovell. PBS. 13 Nov. 2007. Television. Transcript. Reuland, Steve. "Intelligent Design vs. Creationism." The Panda's Thumb. 9 Nov. 2005. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. . West, John G. "Intelligent Design Research Lab Highlighted in New Scientist." Evolution News & Views. Discovery Institute, 19 Dec. 2006. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. evolutionnews.org/2006/12/intelligent_design_research_la002983.html>. Zimmerman, Michael. "Detailed Record Combating the Fifth Wave of Creationism: Religious Leaders and Scientists Working Together." EBSCO Host. EBSCO Industries, May 2010. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. sid=37d09244-f711-4029-a3b8-92642f2becaa%40sessionmgr110&vid=5&hid= 106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=50287974>.

Japanese Culture Essay

In an article written by Cristoph Mark entitled Love, ‘darling’ style for the Daily Yomiuri, he discussed the issue of having an international marriage in Japan meaning that the couples have different nationalities or cultural background. In Japan, only a small percentage engages in mixed marriages, probably because Japanese seemed more traditional and close-knit. Also, Japanese cultured tend to be more conventional and more family-oriented. Having diverse origins between a husband and a wife would entail a clash on what practices or beliefs should prevail in the household. Based on the couple that was interviewed by Cristoph who were Tony, an English social advocate and Saori, a Japanese manga artist and writer, they conceded to the idea that an international marriage causes cultural differences. However, in their case, they believe that their differences are just mere variation of preferences that are most likely influenced by their partiality over a certain belief or inclination and not by tradition or culture. But at the latter part of the article, the couple mentioned that they have been experiencing difficulty in determining the language that they would teach their son (Cristoph, 2009). This clearly shows that no matter how much people exert an effort to have tolerance and acceptance to make international marriages work, cultural difference will always be a concern. In Japan, much importance is given to the concept of family. Japanese families have continuity. From their ancient ancestors to present descendants, each member of the family is respected and their traditional practices are passed on from one generation to another. Also, the head of family always fall into the hands of the father making a Japanese family patriarchal. However, due to changing times and the occurrence urbanism and low birth rate, this traditional practice and belief is being challenged. Nowadays, contemporary Japanese are opting to prioritize their careers rather than starting a family particularly among women. For them, having a contemporary lifestyle is more convenient and practical than their traditional practices. Despite these changes, a majority of the Japanese still prefers to adhere with their traditional concept of a family. In an another article published at the Daily Yomiuri entitled Girl upset over mom marrying foreigner, it talked about the dilemma of a Japanese woman who had married a non-Japanese man without the approval of her daughter and her family after she had separated from her first husband. Because of this issue, it caused a major rift between the woman and her daughter (Daily Yomiuri, 2009). As mentioned, a typical Japanese family is close knit and very conservative. Based on Japanese culture, weddings are treated as sacred rituals that symbolize the rite of passage from one social status to another. More so, weddings can represent the transition to adulthood or a step to parenthood. Traditionally, wedding ceremonies should have family involvement. Also, it should follow several preparatory steps prior to the wedding itself. There is the seeking of parental approval and then choosing mediator, followed by betrothal gift and the scheduling the date and selecting the location for the wedding. The ceremony can either be based on Shintoism or Christianity wherein the rituals are categorized into formal and informal stages. These wedding rituals always represent a symbolical meaning that pertains to the futures roles of the couple as husband and wife. The Japanese also stresses the concept of permanence. They believe that an ideal marriage is forever and they also strongly disagree with the idea of divorce. But in the reply of the lawyer to the letter of the woman, he did not despise the actions of the woman even though she violated most of the Japanese practices on weddings. For him, international marriages are common. But in order to resolve her problems, all she needed to do is talk with her daughter. Tradition and culture does not pose a major threat anymore in finding true love or in the woman’s case financial support and the completion of their family (Daily Yomiuri, 2009). Generally, Japanese culture has remained intact for centuries. It was able to preserve its traditional beliefs and practices particularly on the concept of a family. But due to the birth of modernization, new sets of perspectives and ideas are enticing the Japanese to adapt a more contemporary way living which entails discarding or compromising their Japanese culture and tradition. References Cristoph, M. (2009, April 10). Love, ‘darling’ style. Retrieved April 17, 2009, from http://www. yomiuri. co. jp/dy/features/arts/20090410TDY12001. htm Daily Yomiuri. (2009, April 10). Girl upset over mom marrying foreigner. Retrieved April 17, 2009, from http://www. yomiuri. co. jp/dy/columns/advice/20090410TDY13001. htm

Animal Farm Essay

In the movie, I began to see examples of socialism and individualization. For instance, in collectivism the group comes onward the individual. The experts do all told the thinking for the people. Which in this case, the pigs, Napoleon and s nowadaysball were the experts. They do the rules that the fire animals had to abide all animals were equal, no animal shall be killed by another, no sleeping on beds or drinking alcoholic beverage ect. As the revolution went on, the animals helped one another, equal we as people do in the commonplace orbit.Napoleon soon felt as if snowball was getting in the manner of his dictatorship and had him killed. Napoleon now became the leader, and eve spread the word to other call forths so other pigs could start the same revolution. The weaker animals were sacrificed the laws that were castigate soon changed, the farm animals became much and more like slaves , they ate less, worked dawn to dip and no longer were equal. The law now was som e(a) animals were equal but some more than others.While the farm animals did all the hard work, the pigs got to sit back, relax and wipe out all the food for themselves. With that said, Collectivism is a lot like communism, the pigs had control of the farm animals, made the laws, even everything the farm animals made soon belonged to the pigs. Its like how the world is today, part of the hard earned specie and things we make go to the government. The government and the corporations be the pigs. On the individualistic side of things, in individualism the individual comes before the group.They whole worry about their family and close fri end ups. Towards the end of the movie, the horse was sold off and later killed, beca map he was no more use for the pigs. The donkey who is a close star to the horse took that as a terminal straw and recognized what the pigs were really doing. Compared to individualism they fought with what they believed in. That no individual should work for pigs like them. Thats how it is with humans we fight with what me believe in.